發展大功率充電技術需循序漸進

發布日期：2022-05-23 作者：轉載于網絡點擊：

電動汽車是新能源汽車中最重要的組成部分，截至2022年3月底，我國新能源汽車保有量達891.5萬輛，其中純電動汽車保有量724.5萬輛。另據中國電動汽車充電基礎設施促進聯盟（以下簡稱“充電聯盟”）統計，截止到2022年3月，我國公共充電樁保有量已達到123.2萬個。無論是新能源汽車保有量還是充電基礎設施建設，我國都走在了世界前列。

動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車的核心零(ling)部(bu)件，近些年來隨著研發力(li)(li)度的持(chi)續加大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能不斷提升、成本不斷下(xia)降。與2012年相比，2021年動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)單(dan)體(ti)比能量提高(gao)了(le)1倍，銷售價(jia)格僅為當年的1/4，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)倍率也顯著提升。目前，已有主流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)企業(ye)根據整車企業(ye)需求開(kai)發充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)倍率達(da)(da)到3C及以上(shang)(shang)的動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，10～20分(fen)鐘充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量可達(da)(da)80％，循環(huan)1000周左右，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)SOC（荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態）保持(chi)率在95％以上(shang)(shang)。

對(dui)動力電(dian)池而言，大(da)功(gong)率充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)難點(dian)在于如何平(ping)衡因增加防止(zhi)熱失控(kong)采取的(de)(de)措施而導致電(dian)池系統(tong)能(neng)量密(mi)度下降以及(ji)成本(ben)上(shang)升(sheng)的(de)(de)問題。因此，大(da)功(gong)率充(chong)電(dian)需(xu)要(yao)綜合平(ping)衡相(xiang)關要(yao)素漸進推廣。經過(guo)約10年的(de)(de)發(fa)展，動力電(dian)池的(de)(de)技(ji)術性能(neng)已逐步(bu)適應(ying)大(da)功(gong)率充(chong)電(dian)需(xu)求，電(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車已基本(ben)具備和傳統(tong)燃油(you)汽(qi)(qi)車進行市場競爭(zheng)的(de)(de)最關鍵(jian)要(yao)素——即(ji)兩者(zhe)之間相(xiang)近的(de)(de)能(neng)源補(bu)給效率。

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯盟曾(ceng)在(zai)(zai)2021年上(shang)(shang)半年對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)大功(gong)(gong)率(lv)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相(xiang)關情況(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)調(diao)研，并完成相(xiang)應的(de)(de)研究報告。在(zai)(zai)該(gai)報告中，將大功(gong)(gong)率(lv)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)定義為充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)在(zai)(zai)350kW以上(shang)(shang)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)10～15分鐘（與(yu)傳統(tong)燃油(you)(you)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)加油(you)(you)時間(jian)接近），以單(dan)槍(qiang)方式給車(che)(che)載動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池傳導充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)技術。由于傳導大功(gong)(gong)率(lv)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)超過(guo)250A，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓可達(da)1000V，部(bu)分技術要求超出(chu)了2015版國標所(suo)要求的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接口及通(tong)信協議的(de)(de)參數范圍，因此需采取(qu)必要措施(shi)進(jin)行(xing)溫度管理以及充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程控制，才能適應大功(gong)(gong)率(lv)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求。早在(zai)(zai)2017年，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯盟已就大功(gong)(gong)率(lv)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)關情況(kuang)對整車(che)(che)企(qi)業(ye)進(jin)行(xing)了摸底，發現乘用車(che)(che)量(liang)產車(che)(che)型的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓平臺普遍集中在(zai)(zai)300～500V之間(jian)，而充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)則普遍不到250A。

基于行業(ye)現狀，近日(ri)工信部發布(bu)了(le)(le)GB/T 20234.1《電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)傳導充(chong)電(dian)(dian)用(yong)連接(jie)裝置第1部分：通用(yong)要求》推薦性(xing)(xing)國(guo)(guo)家標準(zhun)的(de)征求意見稿(gao)（以下(xia)簡(jian)稱《征求意見稿(gao)》）。《征求意見稿(gao)》在(zai)(zai)2015版國(guo)(guo)標的(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)進(jin)一(yi)步明確了(le)(le)3項內容：一(yi)是交流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)接(jie)口(kou)和(he)直流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)接(jie)口(kou)的(de)型(xing)式(shi)與尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)(cun)分別在(zai)(zai)GB/T 20234.2和(he)GB/T 20234.3的(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)保(bao)持不(bu)變(bian)；二是提(ti)出(chu)液冷(leng)系統作(zuo)為主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)冷(leng)卻的(de)常(chang)見方式(shi)，在(zai)(zai)不(bu)改變(bian)2015版國(guo)(guo)標接(jie)口(kou)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)(cun)和(he)具(ju)備主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)冷(leng)卻條(tiao)件的(de)前提(ti)下(xia)，為充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)提(ti)供最高(gao)至(zhi)1000A的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)優(you)選(xuan)值；三是提(ti)供1000V和(he)1500V的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓優(you)選(xuan)值供行業(ye)選(xuan)用(yong)。根據上(shang)述(shu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)指(zhi)標，可(ke)以滿足高(gao)達1000kW的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)，為動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池及電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)留(liu)出(chu)了(le)(le)足夠(gou)大的(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)發展(zhan)空間。此次修(xiu)訂(ding)，除了(le)(le)規定為適應實現大功(gong)率(lv)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)需要的(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)及其(qi)所(suo)(suo)必需的(de)熱管理要求外，還針對2015版國(guo)(guo)標在(zai)(zai)近7年的(de)行業(ye)應用(yong)中所(suo)(suo)暴露(lu)出(chu)來的(de)其(qi)他操(cao)作(zuo)性(xing)(xing)問題和(he)潛在(zai)(zai)的(de)安全風險進(jin)行技(ji)術(shu)(shu)優(you)化，是在(zai)(zai)保(bao)持新能源汽(qi)(qi)車(che)及充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)施平(ping)穩發展(zhan)基礎(chu)上(shang)所(suo)(suo)做(zuo)的(de)一(yi)次系統性(xing)(xing)修(xiu)訂(ding)。

調(diao)研數據(ju)顯示(shi)(shi)，有65％的(de)(de)被調(diao)研企(qi)業(ye)（包(bao)括11家(jia)整車(che)(che)制(zhi)造(zao)企(qi)業(ye)、3家(jia)設(she)施運營企(qi)業(ye)和1家(jia)設(she)施制(zhi)造(zao)企(qi)業(ye)）明確表(biao)示(shi)(shi)，希(xi)(xi)望(wang)國(guo)家(jia)層面(mian)盡快(kuai)在(zai)2015版國(guo)標(biao)基礎上(shang)(shang)升級以(yi)滿足大(da)功率(lv)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)需(xu)求。目前(qian)，市場上(shang)(shang)已有多款車(che)(che)型(xing)續駛里(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)500公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，多家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)還將陸續推出續駛里(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)700～1000公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)車(che)(che)型(xing)。隨著車(che)(che)輛續駛里(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)不(bu)斷增加，不(bu)少用(yong)(yong)戶迫(po)切需(xu)求更(geng)(geng)大(da)功率(lv)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術(shu)和更(geng)(geng)快(kuai)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)(du)(du)，希(xi)(xi)望(wang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時長(chang)在(zai)20分鐘甚至更(geng)(geng)短。而(er)按照2015版國(guo)標(biao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)接口的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，續駛里(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)450公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)及以(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)直流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)1～2小時甚至更(geng)(geng)長(chang)時間。在(zai)“里(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)焦(jiao)慮”已基本解決的(de)(de)情況下(xia)，“充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)焦(jiao)慮”將成為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)市場化(hua)路(lu)上(shang)(shang)最大(da)的(de)(de)攔(lan)路(lu)虎(hu)。目前(qian)，用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)“充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)焦(jiao)慮”主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是由于自用(yong)(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁建設(she)難度(du)(du)(du)較大(da)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)共充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)點位布局(ju)不(bu)夠合理和公(gong)(gong)(gong)共充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)較低這3方面(mian)原因造(zao)成。根據(ju)《新(xin)能(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)(che)產業(ye)發展(zhan)規劃（2021-2035年）》，我國(guo)將推廣“智(zhi)能(neng)有序慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)、應(ying)急(ji)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)為(wei)(wei)輔”的(de)(de)居(ju)民(min)區充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)務模式，加快(kuai)形成適(shi)度(du)(du)(du)超前(qian)、快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)、慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)為(wei)(wei)輔的(de)(de)高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)和城鄉公(gong)(gong)(gong)共充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網絡。為(wei)(wei)此，一方面(mian)要(yao)(yao)進一步破解充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁進居(ju)民(min)區難題，結合智(zhi)能(neng)有序充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術(shu)加大(da)居(ju)民(min)區自用(yong)(yong)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁的(de)(de)建設(she)力度(du)(du)(du)，以(yi)實(shi)現用(yong)(yong)戶回家(jia)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)遠期愿景(jing)；另(ling)一方面(mian)，要(yao)(yao)有針(zhen)對性地建設(she)點位布局(ju)合理、設(she)施數量適(shi)當，能(neng)夠實(shi)實(shi)在(zai)在(zai)發揮應(ying)急(ji)補(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)作用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)大(da)功率(lv)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)網絡。

在(zai)自用充(chong)電設(she)施得到大力發展后，沒有(you)改造空間的(de)(de)老舊居(ju)民區的(de)(de)電動汽車(che)用戶(hu)，出(chu)租車(che)、物流(liu)車(che)等(deng)時間成本較高的(de)(de)運(yun)營(ying)車(che)輛用戶(hu)，以及高速公路長途行駛的(de)(de)車(che)輛用戶(hu)這(zhe)3大類群體的(de)(de)充(chong)電需(xu)求將(jiang)較多依靠大功率快(kuai)充(chong)網絡來滿足(zu)。

從調研情況(kuang)看，由(you)于大功(gong)(gong)率(lv)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)需要(yao)優化(hua)動力電(dian)(dian)池安全(quan)(quan)管理(li)和提高車(che)輛電(dian)(dian)壓平臺，成本(ben)會增加15％～20％。因此，相(xiang)當長(chang)一段時期(qi)內，車(che)企僅會針對運營車(che)輛、高端(duan)私家車(che)型配(pei)備滿足大功(gong)(gong)率(lv)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)動力能(neng)量(liang)系統。總體來看，發展大功(gong)(gong)率(lv)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)技術，需要(yao)綜合車(che)輛安全(quan)(quan)管理(li)、高壓器(qi)件自主可及以(yi)及成本(ben)等因素，是一個循(xun)序漸進的(de)(de)過程。發展大功(gong)(gong)率(lv)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)技術能(neng)有效緩(huan)解充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)焦慮(lv)，不(bu)過需要(yao)設施端(duan)和車(che)輛端(duan)的(de)(de)緊密協同，以(yi)保障充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設施行業(ye)平穩有序發展。

本文網址：//lianghuagongcheng.cn/news/840.html

關鍵詞：

上一篇：成都出臺運營新規：充換電平臺運營商不得搞不正當價格競爭
下一篇：兩大電網協力推動充電樁產業發展

国产精品嫩草影院AV_亚洲AV无码国产在丝袜APP_国产成人一区二区三区免费视频_调教狠扇打肿私密跪撅屁股作文

新聞分類

產品分類

新聞資訊

熱門關鍵詞

聯系我們